有压倒性的证据证实严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的主要传播途径是空气传播。 这一认识对于调整管理大流行的策略具有重要意义，特别是在佩戴口罩和避免人群聚集的重要性方面，直到人们通过免疫接种获得群体免疫。 有鉴于此，最近英国放宽限制，允许重新开放公共建筑、户外招待、景点和活动以及室内休闲和体育设施，可能需要重新考虑和重新考虑。
主要传播方式 SARS冠状病毒2 病毒 is undoubtedly airborne1-3 which means that it can be contracted by breathing contaminated air. It has also been hypothesized that the 病毒 can remain in the air for about 3 hours with a half-life of 1.1 hours4，这表明即使感染者离开了一个地方，当他/她在没有其他人在场的情况下接触被污染的空气时，也有可能让另一个未感染者感染这种疾病。 这使 COVID-19 疾病属于其他空气传播疾病，如百日咳、肺结核、普通感冒、流感和麻疹。
由于 病毒 造成的责任 Covid-19 is 空降, there is a need to re-emphasize wearing of masks not only in public places, but also indoors where there is a suspicion of air being contaminated with the 病毒. In addition, there is limited evidence to support other routes of transmission such as respiratory droplet or surfaces contaminated with the 病毒 可能导致感染 5-6. Maintaining social distancing and avoiding large scale gatherings that can lead to higher transmission/infection should remain in place. This translates to wearing masks all the time while being in public places or better yet by continuing closure of public places till an acceptable level of herd immunity has been developed by means of large-scale vaccination. This also means that the air ventilation systems in hospitals need to be re assessed to ensure that the health workers are at a minimum risk due to exposure to contaminated indoor air. Physical isolation of positive cases with separate air flow containment may be the need of the hour to ensure proper treatment of the patients along with protection of healthcare workers by wearing modified PPE’s with self-contained breathing apparatus. In addition, continuous testing of individuals would be required to assess when the person becomes non-infective and is unable to transmit the disease by releasing 病毒 in the exhaled air by means of coughing/sneezing etc. Till the time the individual is positive, he/she has to remain in self-quarantine at home to ensure that the transmission to other persons is minimised.
在重新确认 COVID-19 主要通过空气传播之后，英国自 12 月 XNUMX 日起放宽限制，允许重新开放非必要的零售店、美发店和美甲沙龙等个人护理服务、图书馆等公共建筑社区中心、户外招待场所和旅游景点、户外活动和室内休闲体育设施可能需要重新考虑7.
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参考资料
- 格林哈尔 T, 希门尼斯 JL， 等 2021. 支持 SARS-CoV-2 空气传播的十个科学理由。 柳叶刀。 15 年 2021 月 XNUMX 日发布。DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00869-2
- Heneghan C、Spencer E、Brassey J 等。 2021. SARS-CoV-2 和空气传播的作用：系统评价。 F1000研究。 2021。24 年 2021 月 XNUMX 日在线发布。（预印本）。 DOI： https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52091.1
- Eichler N, Thornley C, Swadi T et al 2021. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome 冠状病毒 2 during border quarantine and air travel, New Zealand (Aotearoa). Emerging Infect Dis. 2021; (published online March 18.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2705.210514
- Van Doremalen N、Bushmaker T、Morris DH 等。 与 SARS-CoV-2 相比，SARS-CoV-1 的气溶胶和表面稳定性。 新英格兰医学杂志。 2020 年； 382：1564-1567.DOI： https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2004973
- Chen W、Zhang N、Wei J、Yen HL、Li Y 近距离空气传播途径在密切接触期间主导呼吸道感染的暴露。 建筑环境。 2020 年； 176106859.DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106859
- Goldman E. 夸大了污染物传播 COVID-19 的风险。 柳叶刀感染 Dis 2020； 20：892-93。 DOI： https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30561-2
- UK Govt. 2021. Coronavirus (COVID-19). Guidance – 冠状病毒 restrictions: what you can and cannot do. Available online at https://www.gov.uk/guidance/covid-19-coronavirus-restrictions-what-you-can-and-cannot-do#april-whats-changed。 16年2021月XNUMX日访问。
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