The first temperature-sensitive textile has been created which can regulate our body’s 热 exchange with the 环境
我们的身体吸收或失去 热 in the form of infrared radiation. At room temperature around 40 percent of heart transfer occurs in this manner. 以人为本 body is a radiator and we use clothing as a means to enable this regulation as different fabrics trap infrared radiation and keep us warm or cool by regulating the temperature. Scientists have desired for very long to develop a fabric which could also release this energy rather than only trap it, so as to keep our body passively cool. However, textiles do not respond to the changes occurring in the external 环境 and so they do not possess the ability to regulate both cooling and heating. The only way for us humans to cope with change in temperature in the environment has been to choose and wear appropriate clothing.
一种新的独特纺织品
Scientists from University of Maryland, USA have created an innovative fabric which could‘automatically’ regulate the amount of heat passing through a person’s body according to the external weather conditions. The fabric is made of a specially engineered heat sensitive yarn (polymer fibre) whose strands act as a ‘gate’ for the heat (or infrared radiation) to transmit or block. This ‘gate’ works quite intelligently in a very unique way. When the outside 天气 is hot and humid, the strands of the fibrecompact and the fibre collapses which allows for opening of fabric weave. Once ‘open’, the fabric activates cooling by allowing the heat radiating from our body to escape. This makes us feel cooler as the fabric also reflects sunlight.In contrast, when the outside weather is rather dry and cold, the fibre expands and closes or reducesthe gaps to prevent heat from escaping making the person feel warm. So, the fabric dynamically gates infrared radiation in real time based upon outside environmental conditions.
背后的技术
这种织物的新颖之处在于它的基纱由两种相反的市售合成纤维制成 物料、亲水性纤维素和疏水性三醋酸纤维，可吸水或排斥水。 通过类似于通常用于合成纤维工业染色的溶液染色的工艺，纤维束涂有导电金属——一种基于碳的轻质碳纳米管。 由于纤维的双重特性，当它暴露于潮湿条件（如湿度）时会发生翘曲。 涂层内碳纳米管之间的电磁耦合被修改，其作用类似于“调节开关”。 基于每次电磁耦合的这种变化，织物要么阻挡热量，要么允许热量通过。 穿着织物的人没有意识到这种潜在的活动，因为织物在一分钟内立即完成。 它可以自行感知一个人的热不适程度，并且可以随着皮肤下湿度水平的变化将辐射的热量改变 35%。
在实际实验中，该团队编织了一个 0.5 平方米的样本，以展示未来制造的可扩展性。 使用共聚焦荧光显微镜和织物的荧光染色样本实时捕获潮湿和干燥条件下纤维间距的变化。为了量化纤维性能，他们使用连接到湿度变化环境室的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，其中包含一小块布料。 他们观察到这种织物可以实现 2% 的红外透射率相对变化。 在所有实验中，织物可以在不到一分钟的时间内有效地从冷却模式切换到加热模式。
和真衣服一样实用吗？
首次创造出一种新颖的面料，可以帮助人们在室外天气凉爽干燥时保持温暖，而在天气炎热潮湿时保持凉爽。 这确实很迷人！ 该织物可以针织或染色，也可以以类似于其他运动服的方式洗涤。 可能需要更多的研究来使这种织物在日常使用中更加实用和有用。 研究人员希望在不久的将来与制造单位合作，生产由这种新型面料制成的服装。 这一发现发表在 科学 这种面料具有创新性和前景，可以为运动员、运动员、婴儿和老年人提供舒适感和正常服装的感觉。
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{您可以通过单击下面引用来源列表中给出的 DOI 链接来阅读原始研究论文}
来源（S）
Zhang XA 等人 2019。纺织品中红外辐射的动态选通。 科学. 363（6427）。
http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1217
